The Making of Species

Post-Darwinian books on evolution fall naturally into four classes. I. Those which preach Wallaceism, as, for example, Wallace’s Darwinism, Poulton’s Essays on Evolution, and the voluminous works of Weismann. II. Those advocating Lamarckism. Cope’s Factors of Evolution and the writings of Haeckel belong to this class. III. The writings of De Vries, forming a group by themselves.

They advocate the theory that species spring suddenly into being; that new species arise by mutations from pre-existing species. IV. The large number of books of a more judicial nature, books written by men who decline to subscribe to any of the above three creeds. Excellent examples of such works are Kellog’s Darwinism To-Day, Lock’s Recent Progress in the Study of Variation, Heredity, and Evolution, and T. H. Morgan’s Evolution and Adaptation.